2014-09-27 09:13:00
Результаты сразу двух хороших исследований вышли недавно на эту тему. О том, что ночные кошмары у подростков один из симптомов ПТСР - давно известный факт. Но что это может быть причиной и того, что в РФ иногда называется "дети сами разберутся", наглядно показывает первое исследование.
Второе исследование раскрывает последствия запугивания и издевательств со стороны братьев и сестер. Дети часто проводят вместе больше времени, чем даже со взрослыми, а вот спрашивают о ситуациях абъюза со стороны братьев и сестер даже специалисты куда меньше. В моей практике клиенты часто рассказывают о ситуациях запугивания, а порой и издевательств со стороны братьев и сестер. О том, что делать, если вы столкнулись с ситуацией травли вашего ребенка со стороны его сверстников - . см ЗДЕСЬ Если вы заметили, что у вас в семье дети "плохо ладят", а тем более дерутся или кто-то из них рассказал о запугивании, обратитесь к специалисту. Помимо страданий в настоящем и последствий в виде депрессий и тревожных расстройств во взрослом состоянии , дети, которые были жервами насилия родственников, чаще становятся жертвами насилия со стороны сверстников.
Bullying and Parasomnias: A Longitudinal Cohort Study - Full Text (PDF)Free
Dieter Wolke, PhDa,b and Suzet Tanya Lereya, PhDa
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom, and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Environmental factors such as serious trauma or abuse and related stress can lead to nightmares or night terrors. Being bullied can be very distressing for children, and victims display long-term social, psychological, and health consequences. Unknown is whether being bullied by peers may increase the risk for experiencing parasomnias such as nightmares, night terrors, or sleepwalking.
METHODS: A total of 6796 children of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort were interviewed at elementary school age (8 and 10 years) about bullying experiences with a previously validated bullying interview and at secondary school age (12.9 years) about parasomnias such as nightmares, night terrors and sleepwalking by trained postgraduate psychologists.
RESULTS: Even after adjusting for pre-existing factors related to bullying and parasomnias, being bullied predicted having nightmares (8 years odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.44; 10 years OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.35–1.94) or night terrors (8 years OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10–1.75; 10 years OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.18–1.98) at age 12 to 13 years. Especially being a chronic victim was associated with both nightmares (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.46–2.27) and night terrors (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.48–2.74). Being a bully/victim also increased the risk for any parasomnia at ages 8 or 10 years (8 years OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08–1.88; 10 years OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.30–2.36). In contrast, bullies had no increased risk for any parasomnias.
CONCLUSIONS: Being bullied increases the risk for having parasomnias. Hence, parents, teachers, school counselors, and clinicians may consider asking about bullying experiences if a child is having parasomnias.
Key Words: victimization bullying parasomnias nightmares night terrors sleepwalking ALSPAC
Accepted July 8, 2014.
Copyright © 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
Sibling Bullying and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Self-Harm: A Prospective Cohort Study - Full Text (PDF)Free
Lucy Bowes, PhDa, Dieter Wolke, PhDb, Carol Joinson, PhDc, Suzet Tanya Lereya, PhDb, and Glyn Lewis, PhDd
Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health & Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Centre for Mental Health, Addiction and Suicide Research, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Being the victim of peer bullying is associated with increased risk of psychopathology, yet it is not known whether similar experiences of bullying increase risk of psychiatric disorder when the perpetrator is a sibling. We tested whether being bullied by a sibling is prospectively associated with depression, anxiety, and self-harm in early adulthood.
METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal study using data from >6900 participants of a UK community-based birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) who reported on sibling bullying at 12 years. Our main outcome measures were depression, anxiety, and self-harm, assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule–Revised during clinic assessments when participants were 18.
RESULTS: Children who were frequently bullied were approximately twice as likely to have depression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–3.51; P < .001), self-harm (OR = 2.56; 95% CI, 1.63–4.02; P < .001), and anxiety (OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.19–2.81; P < .001) as children who were not bullied by siblings. The ORs were only slightly attenuated after adjustment for a range of confounding individual, family, and peer factors. The population-attributable fractions suggested that 13.0% (95% CI, 1.0%–24.7%) of depression and 19.3% (95% CI, 7.6%–29.6%) of self-harm could be explained by being the victim of sibling bullying if these were causal relationships.
CONCLUSIONS: Being bullied by a sibling is a potential risk factor for depression and self-harm in early adulthood. Our results suggest that interventions designed to target sibling bullying should be devised and evaluated.
Key Words:siblings bullying depression anxiety self-harm longitudinal ALSPAC
Accepted June 25, 2014.
Copyright © 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
Результаты сразу двух хороших исследований вышли недавно на эту тему. О том, что ночные кошмары у подростков один из симптомов ПТСР - давно известный факт. Но что это может быть причиной и того, что в РФ иногда называется "дети сами разберутся", наглядно показывает первое исследование.
Второе исследование раскрывает последствия запугивания и издевательств со стороны братьев и сестер. Дети часто проводят вместе больше времени, чем даже со взрослыми, а вот спрашивают о ситуациях абъюза со стороны братьев и сестер даже специалисты куда меньше. В моей практике клиенты часто рассказывают о ситуациях запугивания, а порой и издевательств со стороны братьев и сестер. О том, что делать, если вы столкнулись с ситуацией травли вашего ребенка со стороны его сверстников - . см ЗДЕСЬ Если вы заметили, что у вас в семье дети "плохо ладят", а тем более дерутся или кто-то из них рассказал о запугивании, обратитесь к специалисту. Помимо страданий в настоящем и последствий в виде депрессий и тревожных расстройств во взрослом состоянии , дети, которые были жервами насилия родственников, чаще становятся жертвами насилия со стороны сверстников.
Bullying and Parasomnias: A Longitudinal Cohort Study - Full Text (PDF)Free
Dieter Wolke, PhDa,b and Suzet Tanya Lereya, PhDa
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom, and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Environmental factors such as serious trauma or abuse and related stress can lead to nightmares or night terrors. Being bullied can be very distressing for children, and victims display long-term social, psychological, and health consequences. Unknown is whether being bullied by peers may increase the risk for experiencing parasomnias such as nightmares, night terrors, or sleepwalking.
METHODS: A total of 6796 children of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort were interviewed at elementary school age (8 and 10 years) about bullying experiences with a previously validated bullying interview and at secondary school age (12.9 years) about parasomnias such as nightmares, night terrors and sleepwalking by trained postgraduate psychologists.
RESULTS: Even after adjusting for pre-existing factors related to bullying and parasomnias, being bullied predicted having nightmares (8 years odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.44; 10 years OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.35–1.94) or night terrors (8 years OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10–1.75; 10 years OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.18–1.98) at age 12 to 13 years. Especially being a chronic victim was associated with both nightmares (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.46–2.27) and night terrors (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.48–2.74). Being a bully/victim also increased the risk for any parasomnia at ages 8 or 10 years (8 years OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08–1.88; 10 years OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.30–2.36). In contrast, bullies had no increased risk for any parasomnias.
CONCLUSIONS: Being bullied increases the risk for having parasomnias. Hence, parents, teachers, school counselors, and clinicians may consider asking about bullying experiences if a child is having parasomnias.
Key Words: victimization bullying parasomnias nightmares night terrors sleepwalking ALSPAC
Accepted July 8, 2014.
Copyright © 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
Sibling Bullying and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Self-Harm: A Prospective Cohort Study - Full Text (PDF)Free
Lucy Bowes, PhDa, Dieter Wolke, PhDb, Carol Joinson, PhDc, Suzet Tanya Lereya, PhDb, and Glyn Lewis, PhDd
Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health & Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Centre for Mental Health, Addiction and Suicide Research, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Being the victim of peer bullying is associated with increased risk of psychopathology, yet it is not known whether similar experiences of bullying increase risk of psychiatric disorder when the perpetrator is a sibling. We tested whether being bullied by a sibling is prospectively associated with depression, anxiety, and self-harm in early adulthood.
METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal study using data from >6900 participants of a UK community-based birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) who reported on sibling bullying at 12 years. Our main outcome measures were depression, anxiety, and self-harm, assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule–Revised during clinic assessments when participants were 18.
RESULTS: Children who were frequently bullied were approximately twice as likely to have depression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–3.51; P < .001), self-harm (OR = 2.56; 95% CI, 1.63–4.02; P < .001), and anxiety (OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.19–2.81; P < .001) as children who were not bullied by siblings. The ORs were only slightly attenuated after adjustment for a range of confounding individual, family, and peer factors. The population-attributable fractions suggested that 13.0% (95% CI, 1.0%–24.7%) of depression and 19.3% (95% CI, 7.6%–29.6%) of self-harm could be explained by being the victim of sibling bullying if these were causal relationships.
CONCLUSIONS: Being bullied by a sibling is a potential risk factor for depression and self-harm in early adulthood. Our results suggest that interventions designed to target sibling bullying should be devised and evaluated.
Key Words:siblings bullying depression anxiety self-harm longitudinal ALSPAC
Accepted June 25, 2014.
Copyright © 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
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